批判性思维技巧(Critical Thinking Skills)文字版[PDF]

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资源信息： 中文名: 批判性思维技巧 原名: Critical Thinking Skills 作者: Stella cottrell 资源格式: PDF 版本: 文字版 出版社: Palgrave Macmillan 书号: 9781403996855 发行时间: 2005年09月09日 地区: 美国 语言: 英文 概述:

内容介绍： 这本书采取批判性思维技巧来分析看似令人费解的事物，全书的解释非常到位，例子也比较实用。能让你不断了解和开发在每个思维阶段的思维认知能力。 Critical Thinking Skills has taken the seemingly baffling art of analysis and broken it down into easy to understand blocks, with clear explanations, good examples, and plenty of activities to develop understanding at each stage. This easy to follow, step-by step guide to developing reasoning skills even applies the techniques to tasks such as reading, note-taking, and writing. 内容截图：

更多中英文图书下载：www.linguagess.com 目录: Contents Introduction Glossary Acknowledgements 1 What is critical thinking? Introduction What is critical thinking? Reasoning Why develop critical thinking skills? Underlying skills and attitudes Self-awareness for accurate judgement Personal strategies for critical thinking Critical thinking in academic contexts Barriers to critical thinking Critical thinking: knowledge, skills and attitudes Priorities: developing critical thinking abilities Summary 2 How well do you think? Develop your thinking skills Introduction Assess your thinking skills Scoring Sheet Focusing attention Focusing attention: Identifying difference Focusing attention: Recognising sequence Categorising Activity: Categorising text Close reading Information about the sources Answers to activities in Chapter 2 3 What's their point? Identifying arguments Introduction The author's position viii xii xiv Activity: Capturing the author's position Argument: Persuasion through reasons Identifying the argument Activity: Identifying simple arguments Activity: Reasons and conclusions Hunting out the conclusion Summary of features Summary Information about the sources Answers to activities in Chapter 3 4 Is it an argument? Argument and non-argument Introduction Argument and disagreement Activity: Argument and disagreement Non-arguments: Description Non-arguments: Explanations and summaries Activity: What type of message? Distinguishing argument from other material Activity: Selecting out the argument Summary Information about the sources Answers to activities in Chapter 4 5 How well do they say it? Clarity, consistency and structure Introduction How clear is the author's position? Internal consistency Activity: Internal consistency Logical consistency Activity: Logical consistency Independent reasons and joint reasons Activity: Independent and joint reasons Intermediate conclusions Intermediate conclusions used as reasons Activity: Intermediate conclusions Summative and logical conclusions Activity: Summative and logical conclusions Logical order Activity: Logical order Summary Information about the sources Answers to activities in Chapter 5 6 Reading between the lines: Recognising underlying assumptions and implicit arguments 85 Introduction 85 Assumptions 86 Activity: Identify the underlying assumptions 8 7 Identifying hidden assumptions 88 Implicit assumptions used as reasons 89 Activity: Implicit assumptions used as reasons 90 False premises 9 1 Activity: False premises 92 Implicit arguments 93 Activity: Implicit arguments 94 Denoted and connoted meanings 95 Activities: Associations and stereotypes 97 Activity: Denoted and connoted meanings 98 Summary 99 Information about the sources 99 Answers to activities in Chapter 6 100 7 Does it add up? Identifying flaws in the argument 105 Introduction 105 Assuming a causal link 106 Correlations and false correlations 107 Activity: Identify the nature of the link 108 Not meeting the necessary conditions 109 Not meeting sufficient conditions 110 Activity: Necessary and sufficient conditions 111 False analogies 112 Activity: False analogies 113 Deflection, complicity and exclusion 114 Other types of flawed argument 115 Unwarranted leaps and 'castle of cards' 116 Emotive language; Attacking the person 11 7 More flaws 118 Misrepresentation and trivialisation 119 Tautology; Two wrongs don't make a right 120 Summary 121 Information about the sources 121 Answers to activities in Chapter 7 122 8 Where's the proof? Finding and evaluating sources of evidence 125 Introduction 125 Primary and secondary source materials 126 Searching for evidence 127 Literature searches 128 Reputable sources 129 Authenticity and validity 130 Currency and reliability 131 Selecting the best evidence 132 Relevant and irrelevant evidence 133 Activity: Relevant and irrelevant evidence 134 Representative samples 135 Activity: Representative samples 136 Certainty and probability 137 Sample sizes and statistical significance 138 Over-generalisation 139 Controlling for variables 140 Facts and opinions 141 Eye-witness testimony 142 Triangulation 143 Evaluating a body of evidence 144 Summary 145 Information about the sources 145 Answers to activities in Chapter 8 146 9 Critical reading and note-making: Critical selection, interpretation and noting of source material 147 Introduction 147 Preparing for critical reading 148 Identifying the theoretical perspective 149 The relation of theory to argument 150 Categorising and selecting 151 Accurate interpretation when reading 152 Making notes to support critical reading 153 Reading and noting for a purpose 154 Concise critical notes: Analysing argument 155 Concise critical notes: Books 156 Concise critical notes: Articles and papers 157 Critical selection when note-making 158 Activity: Critical selection 159 Commentary on critical selection 161 Note your source of information 162 Summary 164 Information about the sources 164 Answers to activities in Chapter 9 165 10 Critical, analytical writing: Critical thinking when writing Introduction Characteristics of critical, analytical writing Setting the scene for the reader Activity: Setting the scene for the reader Writing up the literature search Words used to introduce the line of reasoning Words used to reinforce the line of reasoning (2) Signposting alternative points of view Words used to signpost conclusions Words and phrases used to structure the line of reasoning Drawing tentative conclusions Activity: Writing conclusions Summary Information about the sources Answers to activities in Chapter 10 11 Where's the analysis? Evaluating critical writing Introduction Checklist for Essay 1 Evaluate Essay 1 Evaluation of Essay 1 Commentary for Essay 1 Checklist for evaluating Essay 2 Evaluate Essay 2 Evaluation of Essay 2 Commentary on Essay 2 Evaluating your writing for critical thinking 196 Summary 198 Texts for activities in Chapters 8, 9 and 11 199 Practice activities on longer texts 207 Practice 1: Features of an argument 208 Answers to Practice 1: Features of an argument 212 Practice 2: Finding flaws in the argument 215 Answers to Practice 2: Finding flaws in the argument 219 Practice 3: Features of an argument 223 Answers to Practice 3: Features of an argument 229 Practice 4: Finding flaws in the argument 234 Answers to Practice 4: Finding flaws in the argument 239 Appendix: Selected search engines and databases for on-line literature searches 245 Bibliography Index